Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. Pteridophytes are a group of plant species that have grown on this earth for over millions of years. Leaves can be microphyllous small without forming leaf gaps in vascular supply of. Phytochemical studies in brazilian pteridophytes soeder 1985 reported a large inventory of papers that appeared between 1966 and 1984 on the chemical constituents of pteridophytes. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Second quarter report of pteridophytes bhutan has good resources of biodiversity in both vascular and nonvascular plants.
As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes aka, ferns and fern allies are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. In this article we will discuss about the characters and economic importance of pteridophytes. The destruction of green forest and stock taking from natural resources is an imminent need. But trust me the first thing that you notice is the abundant foliage of fern plants. Pteridophytes have evolved to fill almost every ecological niche but the greatest species diversity is clearly found in the tropical rainforest. In some pteridophytes the sporangia develop on stems i. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes.
Jan 23, 2017 reproduction the sporophytes reproduce by spores which are produced within sporangia. Any of numerous vascular plants that reproduce by means of spores rather than seeds, including the ferns and related plants such as horsetails, and. Pteridophytes pteridophtyes are a phylum of plants. Pteridophyta mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list.
Sexual reproduction is accomplished by the release of spores, which develop. In all pteridophytes the dominant plant is the sporophyte brown below with the gametophyte blue below shortlived. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta by manton, i. But, this biodiversity is getting depleted day by day due to countrys modern economic development. The sporophyte was the dominant phase of the life cycle of these early pteridophytes. These organs possess well differentiated vascular tissues. A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants that. Heterospory and seed habitat origin of seeds and seed habitat in vascular plants from heterospory heterospory is the production of two or more types of spores. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle.
In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta. All pteridophytes have a true alternation of generations, in which a dominant sporophyte generation produces spores through meiosis, and a freeliving gametophyte generation forms gametes egg and sperm by mitosis. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle.
The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Unlike the bryophytes, these plants are in the mainstream of land plant evolution and eventually gave rise to the seed plants. Bhutan has good resources of biodiversity in both vascular and nonvascular plants.
The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Ferns differ from seed plants in reproducing by spores and from bryophytes in that, like seed plants, they are polysporangiophytes, their sporophytes branching. The rapid disappearance of this biome throughout the world with many of their pteridophyte species yet undiscovered, let alone described, is of great concern. Unlike the ferns, which are a highly successful, flourishing group, the fern allies as we call the other pteridophytes are virtually living fossils. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. In this lesson, well discover the characteristics, classification, and life cycle of the group pteridophyta, which includes plant species like ferns and horsetails. Pteridophytes are mostly terrestrial sometimes growing in the moist and shady regions. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions. Heterospory is a condition of the production of more than one type usually two of spores in a single plant. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Plant body is a sporophyte 2n and differentiated into true stem, leaves and roots.
These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes, belonging to the division pteridophyta of the plant kingdom. Mar 23, 2018 the pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. However, there are some pteridophytes which produce two different types of spores differing in size. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al.
This fern life cycle is representative of most pteridophytes. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by merriamwebster. Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Ferns are vascular plants that do not produce seeds.
The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. Even today, many tribal communities and rural populations are dependent heavily upon the natural resources obtained from the surrounding forest regions for treatment of various ailments and diseases. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. In this article we will discuss about heterospory and seed habit in pteridophytes. Classification of pteridophytes short classification of the ferns pdf.
Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by the free dictionary. Sporophylls the leaves that bear sporangia are known as sporophylls. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Ferns can be used to illustrate the life cycle stages common to all pteridophytes. This assessment will assess how well you understand the life. Pteridophytes constitute a significant and important group in the plant kingdom. When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. In this lesson, well discover the characteristics, classification, and life cycle of the group pteridophyta, which includes plant species like.
Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of tracheophyta. Pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. Pteridophyte definition is any of a division pteridophyta of vascular plants such as a fern that have roots, stems, and leaves but lack flowers or seeds. Heterospory and seed habit in pteridophytes botany. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc. Such peridophytes are known as homosporous and this phenomenon is known as homospory. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns pdf phd thesis. They are the vascular plants those having xylem and phloem tissues that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forestdwelling plants. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks.
The first vascular plants rapidly diversified to cover the earth. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. You might be surprised to learn that, in terms of biodiversity, b. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. Most of the pteridophytes produce one kind of similar spore. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet salvinia molesta and mosquito ferns azolla species.
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