Population structure of pseudocercospora fijiensis in costa rica reveals shared haplotype diversity with southeast asian populations amanda saville, melodi charles, suchitra chavan, miguel mun. Dec 22, 2012 mycosphaerella is a large genus of plant pathogenic fungi, composed of more than 3,000 species. Most natural products degrade rapidly in sunlight, air, or moisture, or when exposed to insect. It is a haploid, hemibiotrophic ascomycete with a bipolar, heterothallic mating system within the. Incidence and severity of black mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet and yellow mycosphaerella musicola leach et mulder sigatokas of plantain according to the phenological stages. Mycosphaerella fijiensis anamorph paracercospora fijiensis, the causal agent of the foliar fungal disease black sigatoka, is the major worldwide constraint to banana and plantain musa spp. Pathogenic variability in mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, cause of black sigatoka. Sigatoka caused by the ascomycete fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet appears as the main foliar disease of banana and plantain trees in cote d. Economic impact and trade implications of the introduction of black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis into puerto rico volume 39 issue s1 carmen alamo, edward evans, alba brugueras, sikavas nalampang. Olsen the horticulture and food research institute of new zealand mount albert research centre private bag 92169 auckland, new zealand abstract sixtythree strains of mycosphaerella. Mycosphaerella fijiensis the banana knowledge platform of. Laboratory studies were used to investigate the relationship between the release of mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores and the amount of inoculum on banana plants showing different levels of infection, as assessed by leaf necrotic area. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page leach 1964 found that black leaf streak of bananas was caused by a species of mycosphaerella which had a cercosporalike imperfect state.
A simple way to distinguish black leaf streak from sigatoka disease on bananas. All the plant extracts and the microbial culture filtrates had significant effect on the pathogen m. Natural products for managing landscape and garden pests in. This disease has a wide geographical distribution accounting for losses exceeding 50% of global banana production. Reactive oxygen species and cellular interactions between. The responses of 19 east african highland eah banana cultivars aaa and aa genomes and two reference cultivars to black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet and cladosporium leaf speckle cladosporium musae mason were studied in 1993 at onne southeastern nigeria under ecological conditions of the tropical humid forest lowlands. Assessment of banana and plantain behavior under natural. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen of banana. Agronomic performance of plantain cultivars musa spp. Forecasting the airborne spread of mycosphaerella fijiensis. Story by ricardo goenaga and sidebar by larry shore. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet causes black sigatoka, the most important disease in bananas and plantains. Antifungal effect of five tropical plant leaf extract on. Multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters.
In vitro antagonism of trichoderma harzianum rifai against. Currently two fungal diseases have threatened the production of bananas in the world, the black sigatoka, also known as black leaf streak disease blsd caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis morelet and the panama disease caused by fusarium oxysporum cubense race 4 focgrimm, 2008. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet the causative agent of black sigatoka disease of banana was investigated. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is a leaf pathogen that causes reddishbrown streaks running parallel to the leaf veins, which aggregate to form larger, darkbrown to. Epidemiology and ecology of black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet on plantain and banana musa spp. Leaf necrosis caused by black sigatoka results in yield losses estimated at 3350%1,2. Geographical distribution of the two species mycosphaerella musicola leach cercospora musae and m. Sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, in banana cv. The fungal pathogen mycosphaerella fijiensis anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis. Progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease development, and the challenges of control. The disease affects leaves and thus the plants ability to photosynthesize, resulting in bunches and fruits that weigh less than those from healthy plants.
A simple method to obtain single conidium isolates directly from banana musa sp. Progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease. The fungus was examined by deighton who considered it was a new species. Effects of black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet on bananas and plantains in the imbo plain in rwanda and burundi. Antifungal effect of five tropical plant leaf ocimum. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causative agent of the black sigatoka disease of banana, is considered the most economically damaging banana disease. Individual strains had consistent but different patterns of pathogenicity on the host set. Black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet has been causing problems to the national musacea producers. Microbial control of mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet a notable pathogen of bananas and plantains. Morelet 1969 5 espesye sa uhong sakop sa division nga ascomycota, ug nga gihulagway ni michel morelet ni adtong 1969 ang mycosphaerella fijiensis 5. Unpublished manuscript, department of agriculture, fiji. Black sigatoka is a leafspot disease of banana plants caused by the ascomycete fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet. General traits of natural products include the following. Mycosphaerella fijiensis an overview sciencedirect topics.
Morelet is a sexual, heterothallic fungus having pseudocercospora fijiensis m. Mycosphaerella fijiensis wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre. Crude extract of ocimum gratissimum at l00mgml had the highest percentage inhibition of eucalyptus citrodora 86. Disease control is mainly through the application of systemic fungicides, including sterol demethylation inhibitors dmis. In keeping with the one fungus, one name principle adopted in 2011 by the eighteenth international botanical congress melbourne, australia, the name has been changed to pseudocercospora fijiensis.
It is a haploid,hemibiotrophic ascomycete within the class dothideomycetes, order capnodiales and family mycosphaerellaceae. Pdf black sigatoka of banana mycosphaerella fijiensis. One of the most important species is mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet anamorphic paracercospora fijiensis, a heterothallic ascomycete that causes black sigatoka in bananas. Pdf microbial control of mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet a. Besides the obvious costs in labor and materiel associated with fertilizer and pesticide applications sometimes up to 40 times per year in commercial plantations, there are potential. Trials of fhia bananas for performance and for resistance to. With more than 10,000 species, it is the largest genus of plant pathogen fungi the following introduction about the fungal genus mycosphaerella is copied with permission from the dissertation of w. The assays were performed using the dual culture method. Antifungal effect of five tropical plant leaf extract ocimum gratissimum azadiracta indica, eucalyptus citrodora, venonia amygdalina and momordica charantia on mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet the causative agent of black sigatoka disease in banana and plantain.
An mycosphaerella fijiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga mycosphaerella, ngan familia nga mycosphaerellaceae. Department of botany and microbiology, university of ibadan, pmb 128, ibadan, oyo state, nigeria. Black sigatoka, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis, is considered the most destructive banana disease in brazil and in several other latin american countries senhor et al. Bensch westerdijk fungal biodiversity institute, uppsalalaan 8, utrecht, the netherlands botanische staatssammlung munchen, menzinger stra.
Abundance, distribution and potential impact of transposable. It is the most damaging due to its virulence and its impact on a wide range of cultivars worldwide9. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet and mycosphaerella musicola, affect all cultivation areas and are considered to be one of the major constraints for banana production11. Biological control of banana black sigatoka disease with.
Previous studies have characterized polyketide pathways with possible roles in pathogenicity. Jan 18, 2011 black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet has been causing problems to the national musacea producers. However, the situation is more confused in this region because m. Ivoire, black sigatoka mrn caused by the ascomycete fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet appears as the main foliar disease of bananas12. Economic impact and trade implications of the introduction. A simple methodology to isolate conidia of mycosphaerella fijiensis from infected banana leaves was implemented. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of fungal. Mar 19, 2011 black leaf streak disease blsd, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet sexual phase or paracercospora fijiensis morelet deighton asexual phase, is the main disease affecting the worlds banana culture. Black sigatoka, caused by the leaf fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, is a major constraint to banana production around the world. Yield losses can be high and disease control depends mainly on the application of systemic and.
Phylogenetic analysis of cercospora and mycosphaerella. Stover, transactions of the british mycological society 67 1. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen. Banana black sigatoka pathogen pseudocercospora fijiensis. The in vitro antagonism of trichoderma harzianum against mycosphaerella fijiensis, foliar pathogen of banana and plantain, was evaluated. Proposal of predictive models of black sigatoka for. Proposal of predictive models of black sigatoka for plantain.
Pathogenic variability in mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet. Sigatoka leaf spot diseases of bananas proceedings of an international workshop held at san jose, costa rica, 28 march1 april 1989, ed. Also known as black leaf streak, it was discovered in 1963 and named for its similarities with yellow sigatoka, which is caused by mycosphaerella musicola mulder, which was itself named after the sigatoka valley in fiji, where an outbreak of this disease reached epidemic. Cab international 2003 distribution maps of plant diseases. Effect of artificial inoculation of mycosphaerella fijiensis. Black sigatoka, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, has become a major problem in the banana industry. Black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, an airborne fungal leafspot disease, is a major constraint to plantain and banana musa spp. Population structure of pseudocercospora fijiensis in. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, is the most destructive disease of plantain and banana.
Natural products for managing landscape and garden pests. Pathogenic variability in mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, cause of black sigatoka in banana and plantain r. The development of models, that allow establishing an early prognosis system for the outbreak of the disease, is one of the most effective control measures. Effect of artificial inoculation of mycosphaerella fijiensis on the induction of defencerelated enzymes in two musa genotypes. Yellow sigatoka disease is caused by the closely related species mycosphaerella. Morelet morelet, 1969 is a sexual, heterothallic fungus having pseudocercospora fijiensis m. Mycosphaerella fijiensis nolezy do zorty mycosphaerella i familije mycosphaerellaceae. These scientific names include the results of the change to one scientific name for fungi.
Black sigatoka in plantain and banana banana regional research. Though the disease is not present in puerto rico, it occurs in some neighboring caribbean countries and has been reported in south florida. Incidence and severity of black mycosphaerella fijiensis. The objective of this study was to elaborate a model that would allow in the future the development of a prognostic system for. Dec 19, 2017 mycosphaerella fijiensis is is the former name of the causal agent of black leaf streak. A study was conducted at the crop science department, university of ghana, legon, to isolate, identify and test pathogenecity of fungal isolates causing the reported black sigatoka disease of plantain in ghana and compare the isolate with that isolated from local tall banana having leaf spots. The number of perithecia present in the necrotic area was used as an indication of potential ascospore loads. The fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black leaf streak disease blsd or black sigatoka, the most economically important disease of bananas. Transcriptome sequencing of mycosphaerella fijiensis. Associated microorganisms in the phylloplane have been previously studied for their control. Morelet deighton deighton, 1976 as the anamorph stage crous, 2009. Pdf the ability of one bacterium and two fungi to inhibit the mycelial growth of mycosphaerella fijiensis was determined in this study.
An mycosphaerella fijiensis in uska species han fungi in nahilalakip ha divisio nga ascomycota, ngan nga ginhulagway ni michel morelet hadton 1969. The chemical management of the black leaf streak disease in banana caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet requires numerous applications of fungicides per year. Jeger natural resources institute, central avenue, chatham maritime, chatham, kent me44tb, u. Antifungal activity of musa phyllosphere bacillus pumilus. This leaf disease represents the principal limitation to the production of musaceas, that is, plantains and bananas, worldwide. Baseline sensitivity of brazilian mycosphaerella fijiensis. Population structure of pseudocercospora fijiensis in costa.
Mycosphaerella fijiensis this fungus is the plant pathogen. In ecuador, the biggest bananaexporting country in the world, this disease has become increasingly aggressive. It attacks plant leaves, preventing the fruits from filling and causing drastic yield reduc tions. Sigatoka leaf spot disease sd is a disease of bananas and is caused by the ascomycetous fungus, mycosphaerella musicola. Evaluation of plant extracts as an antagonist to mycelial. Development of a transformation system for mycosphaerella. This pathogen can be distinguished morphologically from mycosphaerella fijiensis, which causes black leaf streak disease blsd, by the characteristics of the conidia and conidiophore. Blsd was first described during 1963 from samples collected in the sigatoka valley of viti levu, the largest island in the republic of fiji, and has spread since to most bananaproducing regions worldwide. Pdf mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak. Here, the 5monthold, singlespored, pure cultures are growing on 5% v8 juice agar in my lab at the university of hawaii at manoa. Comparison of two fungicide in the control of black sigatoka global. Use of pcr for detection of mycosphaerella fijiensis and m.
The black leaf streak caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet and black sigatoka caused by m. The major sources of fungal scientific names agree that these are the fungal names. Chemical management in fungicide sensivity of mycosphaerella. Mycosphaerella fijiensis this fungus is the plant pathogen that causes black sigatoka aka black leaf streak disease of banana musa spp. The spread of the pathogen to areas where its occurrence was not yet detected is expected to happen in the near future. Characterization of the reactions of banana cultivars to mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet in cameroon and genetics of resistance. The user has r equested enhancement of the do wnloaded file. Effect of the black sigatoka resistance locus bs 1 and ploidy level on.
Competition from other leaf spots and the diversity of banana germplasm with varying degrees of disease resistance may account for its erratic distribution carlier et al. Also known as black leaf streak, it was discovered in 1963 and named for its similarities with yellow sigatoka, which is caused by mycosphaerella musicola mulder, which was itself named after the sigatoka valley in fiji, where an outbreak of this. Most of the 3,000 named species in the genus cercospora have no known sexual stage, although a mycosphaerella teleomorph has been identified for a few. Despite its importance, the genetics of pathogenicity are poorly understood. The results of our experiments suggest that toxins of mycosphaerella fijiensis would be involved neither in infection initiation, nor in the hypersensitive reaction in highly resistant cultivars but could serve at most as secondary determinant of the pathogenicity, contributing to the lesion expansion in cultivars exhibiting partial resistance to black leaf streak disease. This disease can reduce yields but most importantly it decreases the green leaf area available before harvest resulting in premature ripening of the fruit. Phylogenetic analysis of cercospora and mycosphaerella based on the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal dna. Natural products for managing landscape and garden pests in florida 2 pests, break down quickly, have low mammalian toxicity, and have minimal impact on the environment. Breeding banana and plantain for resistance to diseases and pests. Some genotypes sf215, 11249 saimea, grande naine were. However this has led to fungicide resistance in the field. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, an airborne fungal leafspot disease, is a major constraint.
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